The Long Night (episode)

The forthcoming third episode of the eighth season of Game of Thrones will premiere on April 28, 2019. It will be the seventieth episode of the series overall. It was written by David Benioff & D.B. Weiss and directed by Miguel Sapochnik.

Plot
The army of the dead has arrived at Winterfell and the great battle begins.

The Cavalry Charge
Night has fallen at Winterfell. Samwell Tarly fearfully arms himself with a Dragonglass dagger, while Tyrion Lannister takes several wine casks from the provisions to take with him to the crypts below, where the non-combatants are hiding. Bran Stark is wheeled to the Godswood to wait as bait, accompanied by Theon Greyjoy and his detachment of ironborn, as well as Alys Karstark. Sansa and Arya Stark oversee one section of the castle wall while Davos commands another. Lyanna Mormont commands defense of the main courtyard. Outside the gates, Brienne of Tarth commands the left flank, accompanied by Jaime Lannister. They are joined by Podrick Payne, Sandor Clegane, Gendry, Eddison Tollett, and Samwell Tarly. Grey Worm leads the formations of Unsullied, while Jorah Mormont and Qhono ride along with the Dothraki cavalry - accompanied by the direwolf Ghost. Daenerys Targaryen and Jon Snow ride their two dragons away from the castle, to not alert the enemy to their presence.

The moonless darkness is impenetrable, and eerily silent. Until through it a lone rider appears: Melisandre, the Red Priestess. She rides up to Jorah and asks him to command the Dothraki in their language to raise their swords. When they do, she starts praying to the Lord of Light in High Valyrian. Suddenly, all of their swords start magically catching on fire - much like Beric Dondarrion's sword, but hundreds and thousands of them, sweeping from one side of the field to the other. Melisandre withdraws within Winterfell; Davos is about to kill her for Shireen, but she tells him not to bother, as she expects to be dead by dawn anyway.

Emboldened, the Dothraki cavalry charge ahead into the night, their fiery swords visible in the distance - until they crash into the seething undead horde of Wights. The infantry around Winterfell can hear their shouts, and see in the distance as all their swords are quickly extinguished. A stray horse or rider manages to flee back through the castle, one of them a haggard looking Jorah. Then the Army of the Dead advances in earnest.

The Battle
The Unsullied form up into phalanxes, while catapults start shooting flaming barrels into the night. By the light of the fires, the true size of the undead horde can be seen. They rush down from the north and slam into the defenders around Winterfell. They are quickly overrun by the wights, who swarm over and on top of each other and infantry formations like a tidal wave. A savage melee sees most of them surrounded: they are killing wights with their dragonglass weapons but not nearly enough.

Viewing the battle from the west, Daenerys Targaryen is upset at the slaughter of her Dothraki, and cannot stand to see their infantry on the verge of being wiped out too. Jon Snow warns her that their entire plan was to lure the Night King into attacking Bran on Viserion, which he won't if they reveal their two remaining dragons. Saying the dead are already here and there will be no one left to save by the time the Night King comes, Daenerys takes to the air on Drogon, and Jon follows on Rhaegal.

The two dragon-riders making strafing runs on the undead army, just behind the faltering human forces. Thousands of wights are immolated: for a short time this stems their tide, but more keep coming. The White Walkers themselves do not engage, instead staying in a mounted line far behind the front, content to throw wave after wave of pawns at the castle. Jon Snow sees the White Walkers and tries to make a bombing run at them: they might not be the Night King, but any of the hundreds of undead wights each of them has raised will instantly die again if he can kill them. Before Jon can even reach their line, however, a massive cold blast of air forces him back: the White Walkers have magically summoned a huge snowstorm. Both dragons can barely stay in the air, and nearly fly into each other during the whiteout. The remaining infantry are badly affected as well. Above the storm, out of their reach, the Night King hovers on Viserion - the plan has now totally failed, and he won't go after Bran in the godswood if it means facing these two dragons.

The only infantry still holding up reasonably well by this point are the lockstep legions of the Unsullied, horrifically trained to strip away all fear and robotically follow their battle formations. They hold in their phalanxes, but even these are slowly but steadily being consumed by the scrambling mass of wights. A full retreat into the castle is ordered, and Grey Worm commands the Unsullied to form up a rearguard to protect the withdrawal of their few remaining forces. Samwell Tarly is nearly killed in the retreat, but Dolorous Edd saves him - only to be stabbed from behind and killed. The wights gradually slaughter their way forwards, even as new Unsullied step forward to take the place of each the falls.

The Unsullied are on the verge of being overwhelmed, when the last of the main host gets back through the gates. Desperately, Grey Worm orders that the entrenchments around the castle - which have been filled with flammable pitch - be set on fire. Grey Worm himself is with the last remaining rearguard, who cannot abandon the earthworks if they are not set aflame. Both dragons are grounded by the snowstorm, however, and attempts by Arya and the other archers to shoot it with flaming arrows are futile in the face of the severe winds. All seems lost, but then Grey Worm sees that Melisandre has returned. Stepping forward, she lays her hands on the trenchworks and repeats her prayers to the Lord of Light, straining with the massive effort. Miraculously, the entire trench ringing Winterfell bursts into flames. Grey Worm and his few remaining men withdraw behind the castle gates, which close. Many wights burn, but then they all robotically halt - instead of mindlessly charging ahead to their destruction. The White Walkers can afford to wait them out.

The Siege
Seeing the fight approaching, Arya tells Sansa to flee to the crypts, as she'll only get killed if she remains: she gives her sister a dragonglass dagger to defend herself with, and advises to "stick them with the pointy end". In the crypts Sansa meets the women and children such as Missandei, as well as the infirm and non-combatants (Tyrion and Varys). Tyrion laments that he should at least be up on the battlements, even if he can't fight well: just like at the Battle of the Blackwater, he and Varys could still use their great intellects as commanders, to try to see something other people wouldn't.  Sansa chides that witty remarks won't make a difference, and the bravest thing they can do now is nothing - because if the dead are defeated, Tyrion and Varys will be needed for the political battles to come. Tyrion is moved and quips that maybe they should have stayed married - to which Sansa responds that he was "the best of them" (all the people in King's Landing during her captivity), but it wouldn't work out because of his divided loyalties. She is still loyal only to the North, while he is loyal to the dragon queen now.

In the godswood, Theon Greyjoy can also hear the approach of the undead army. He starts to apologize to Bran, but he politely cuts Theon off, saying that everything he did led him to where he is now: "Home". Theon is moved, but Bran must "leave" now - warging into flocks of ravengs around Winterfell. Through the ravens' eyes, he sees the Night King on Viserion, and the Night King sees him through them. Bran is the last Three-eyed raven, mystical focus of all the powers of the Children of the Forest and memories of the entire world - the Night King's archenemy for thousands of years. The urge to finally end his enemy is too great, and (as Bran hoped) this spurs the Night King into pressing his attack (instead of simply starving them out).

Instead of the hordes of wights rushing through the fiery trenches everywhere, the Night King mentally directs them into a concentrated charge across one spot: many hundreds burn, but eventually their sheer mass manages to extinguish the flames, breaching the outer defenses. Thousands of them start swarming around the base of Winterfell's great stone walls, then climb over each other like a mass of ants rising higher and higher, even scaling the walls where they can using their strength to grip into stone.

Surprisingly, the battle plan comes close to being restored, when the Night King approaches the castle walls directly - luring him in for Jon Snow to counterattack with his own dragon. Rhaegal clashes with his undead brother Viserion, and they fly away scrambling up into the storm.

Despite having lost so many men out in the field, the castle's walls are a major force multiplier for the defenders, and they kill many more hundreds of wights as they reach the tps of the battlements. Even so, more keep coming, as the snowstorm reduces the castle to a whiteout amidst the flames. Jaime Lannister is nearly overwhelmed by a dozen wights, but Brienne carves her way to him using her Valyrian steel sword and saves him. Jorah Mormont, similarly, manages to save Samwell Tarly using Heartsbane - the ancestral Valyrian steel sword of House Tarly that Samwell lent him as a gift for the battle. Arya Stark manages to pick off manage wights with flaming arrows. Sandor Clegane, with his severe fear of fire, is left frozen, as Beric Dondarrion urges him to keep fighting. Sandor pleads that they can't beat death itself, to which Beric points to Arya and says, "Tell her that."

The tide of battle turns against the defenders again, and as Lyanna Mormont tries to organize the defense of the main courtyard, a large wight-giant bashes its way through the main gate of Winterfell. More wights flow in behind it, leading the advance, knocking Lyanna to the side and taking out any of her soldiers still standing. Recovering, young Lyanna gives grabs a dragonglass blade, and charges the undead giant while letting out a battle cry. The wight-giant casually snatches her up in his hand, however, and holds her up to his one remaining blue eye. As if the Night King is gloating through him, the wight-giant clenches his fist, crushing Lyanna's chest in as bones snap. Yet her hand is still free, and with one last defiant cry, she stabs the dragonglass into the wight-giant's eye: it instantly dies and topples to the ground. Lyanna falls free of his grasp, but is mortally injured and dies.

Winterfell overrun
The entire courtyard is overrun, and all remaining order to the siege collapses, as the wights spread to surround any remaining pockets of resistance here and there around the castle.

Arya, who was knocked out against a stone wall, recovers some time later, stumbling into the Winterfell library. The fighting has moved away from this part of the castle, as wights shamble about looking for survivors to pick off. Using her stealth training from the Faceless Men, Arya slowly sneaks past all of them - only for the wights to burst through the door after her as soon as she leaves. She runs into Sandor and Beric, however, also fleeing wights, and help fight them off. The trio make a running retreat through the narrow hallways of the castle's interior. Eventually, Beric gets severely stabbed multiple times and barely manages to drag himself after them into the great hall, whose heavy doors hold after they shut them. Once inside, Beric succumbs to his injuries, but in the hall Arya and Sandor also find Melisandre, waiting. Arya recalls that they met before, and Melisandre said they would meet again. Melisandre reminds Arya that she said Arya would close many eyes forever, including "blue" ones (of the White Walkers), and as if quoting Syrio Forel, tells Arya that there is only one thing to say to the god of Death: "Not today". Arya departs, determined in her goal.

In the crypts, Sansa and the others can hear a handful of living men desperately pounding on the heavy doors to let them in, but they know they cannot risk it. They hear the men's cries which are quickly silenced. The wights themselves cannot find a way in - but there are already plenty of dead bodies in the crypts for the White Walkers to reanimate. Suddenly, many of the interred corpses rise as wights and start clawing their way out of their tombs. They're fairly old and not in the best shape, but the women and children are totally unarmed, and many succumb to the wights. Sansa and Tyrion hide behind one tomb, pondering whether they should use Sansa's dragonglass dagger to take their own lives quickly.

Dragon battle
Meanwhile, the dragons are locked in battle in the sky above Winterfell. They fly high above the storm clouds to a clear star-filled sky. Undead Viserion singes Drogon with his flames, but Daenerys and Jon manage to shake him off by diving and rising through the clouds again.

The Night King makes another run towards Bran in the godswood, but Jon and Daenerys knew where he was headed. Jon attacks again with Rhaegal, resulting in a fierce close quarters mid-air brawl between their dragons. Viserion badly claws Rhaegal's belly, while the Night King readies another one of his dragon-killing ice javelins - but the dragons are swirling around so chaotically he can't get a clear shot from his mount. Despite his wounds, Rhaegal manages to land a bite on the other dragon, and tears the left half of his face off - but this is not enough to stop him. It is, however, enough to significantly distract the Night King, who doesn't notice Daenerys's approach on Drogon: rather than trying to kill him outright, she simply tackles him so hard that it knocks the Night King off his mount, while Drogon tears into Viserion. Rhaegal, however, is badly wounded enough that he needs to make a forced landing, dropping Jon on the ground again before fleeing.

Appearances

 * Main: The Long Night (episode)/Appearances

Deaths

 * Eddison Tollett
 * Lady Lyanna Mormont
 * Lord Beric Dondarrion
 * Qhono
 * Lady Alys Karstark ? (See Notes)
 * Theon Greyjoy
 * Ser Jorah Mormont
 * Night King
 * White Walkers
 * Viserion
 * Melisandre

Cast
Starring
 * Peter Dinklage as Tyrion Lannister
 * Nikolaj Coster-Waldau as Ser Jaime Lannister
 * Emilia Clarke as Queen Daenerys Targaryen
 * Kit Harington as Jon Snow
 * Sophie Turner as Lady Sansa Stark
 * Maisie Williams as Arya Stark
 * Liam Cunningham as Ser Davos Seaworth
 * Alfie Allen as Prince Theon Greyjoy
 * Isaac Hempstead-Wright as Bran Stark
 * John Bradley as Samwell Tarly
 * Gwendoline Christie as Ser Brienne of Tarth
 * Conleth Hill as Varys
 * Rory McCann as Sandor Clegane
 * Hannah Murray as Gilly
 * Jacob Anderson as Commander Grey Worm
 * Iain Glen as Ser Jorah Mormont

Guest Starring
 * Richard Dormer as Lord Beric Dondarrion
 * Vladimír Furdík as The Night King
 * Ben Crompton as Lord Commander Eddison Tollett
 * Daniel Portman as Podrick Payne
 * Bella Ramsey as Lady Lyanna Mormont
 * Ian Whyte as Giant
 * Megan Parkinson as Lady Alys Karstark
 * Staz Nair as Qhono
 * Javier Botet as Wight
 * Seamus O'Hara
 * Bea Glancy
 * Lucy McConnell
 * Bronte Carmichael
 * Eileen McCloskey
 * Robbie Beggs
 * Roma Tomelty
 * Claire Connor
 * Logan Watson as Sam
 * Finn Watson as Sam

Cast notes

 * Annabel Brook, Yusuf Chaudhri, Nick Chopping, Dan Euston, Rachael Evelyn, Pete Ford, Luke Gomes, Dan Griffiths, Rob Hayns, Rowley Irlam, Theo Morton, Jason Oettle, Gemita Samarra, Sam Stefan, Ryan Stuart, Andy Wareham, and Ben Wright were stunt performers in this episode.

General

 * The Title sequence has one again been slightly updated from the prior episode, now with the ice representing the undead army of the White Walkers stretching down from the breach through the Wall past Last Hearth to Winterfell itself.
 * With a runtime of 82 minutes, this episode is the longest episode of the television series overall.
 * Despite its long runtime, his episode has minimal dialogue in it. It may be the least proportionate dialogue per minute, on average, in the entire TV series.
 * This episode entirely takes place at Winterfell.
 * Although it wasn't clear by the end, the preview for the next episode confirms that Ghost survived the battle. Also, both of Daenerys's remaining Dragons survived (they didn't die from their injuries).
 * The status of House Mormont and House Karstark after the battle are unclear: Lyanna and Jorah Mormont die, as does Alys Karstark. In the books, there are younger branch members of each family: Lyanna has three other sisters in the books by this point, but none were introduced in the TV show. Similarly, Ned Umber died in the season premiere, but there were younger branches of House Umber in the books. Given that the invasion of the White Walkers has been defeated, someone will have to rule over Bear Island, Last Hearth, and Karhold.
 * It is actually uncertain if Alys Karstark is alive or dead. She was never shown dead in the aired episode - and curiously, the HBO Viewer's Guide update after this episode did not list her as "deceased", even though it was updated for other characters who clearly died on-screen in it.  Indeed, attempting to access her specific profile page resulted in the website simply freezing (as of April 29th).  After the episode aired actress Megan Parkinson posted on her Instagram a vague message implying that she had more scenes which were cut for time - perhaps a death scene.  However if she is never actually referred to as dead in subsequent episodes, her status is still in flux.
 * It remains to be seen what will be done with the remaining lands and forts around The Wall. The few remaining Night's Watch members may disband - freeing Samwell from his vows of chastity and landholding, to take up leadership of House Tarly.
 * The Brotherhood Without Banners apparently ceased to exist with the death of Beric Dondarrion. When they returned in Season 6, they had fewer members, but they were still traveling as a large group by the beginning of Season 7.  By the time they reappeared at Eastwatch, however, Beric and Thoros were the only ones still present, the others having simply disappeared.  The TV writers may have simply dropped this subplot without thinking through the repercussions.
 * The TV writers may just sidestep the question, as they did for Highgarden after House Tyrell was wiped out, or for all of Dorne after Ellaria Sand was sentenced to die (even though TV dialogue had stated in prior seasons that there were other members of House Martell).
 * None of the White Walkers, even the Night King, have ever had a single speaking line in the entire TV series, through their destruction in this episode. They've had a few screeches that sound like cracking ice, but in terms of "dialogue" leading to characterization, they never said anything.  Showrunners David Benioff and Dan Weiss said that they did this on purpose, feeling that the Night King is basically "Death" incarnate, and Death shouldn't talk (it would only diminish him).
 * The novels have hinted that the unusually long seasons Westeros experiences - often 2 to 3 years, sometimes 10 years long - are somehow tied to the White Walkers. George R.R. Martin himself has said that there is a "magical" reason behind the long seasons, which will be explained before the books end.  It is possible this means that the seasons in the story will shift to what we would call a normal length (four seasons every solar year).
 * The novels have made mention that during the Long Night 8,000 years ago, the White Walkers rode on giant Ice spiders as big as hounds - not spiders that live in icy regions, but magical constructs made out of living ice and shaped into spider-forms. Despite being mentioned in the TV show as late as Season 5's "Hardhome", with the destruction of all White Walkers, they will now never appear in the TV show.
 * It is unknown if the White Walkers even could raise the bodies in Winterfell's crypts as wights. Many of them have been dead for hundreds of years and have withered away to only bones. The White Walkers can reanimate dead flesh, dead muscles, but they can't make a mere skeleton magically walk around with nothing to move them.

Callbacks
This episode includes several callbacks to prior episodes and events:
 * Arya reminds Melisandre what the latter told her in "The Climb" - that they would meet again, that Arya would shut many eyes forever.
 * Melisandre refers to Davos's threat to kill her if she ever returns to the North ("The Winds of Winter").
 * Arya hands Sansa a weapon. Sansa says she does know how to use it, and Arya gives her the same advice Jon gave her in "The Kingsroad" - "stick them with the pointy end".
 * Tyrion and Varys relate to battle of the Blackwater; the Hound is dismayed by the fire, as happened to him in that battle ("Blackwater").
 * Melisandre and Arya say the same sentences Syrio Forel and Arya told each other in "The Pointy End" - "What do we say to the God of Death? Not today".
 * The trick Arya uses to kill the Night King is the same trick she used while sparring with Brienne in "The Spoils of War".
 * The Night King’s death also harkens back to the fourth season episode “Mockingbird” in which the Hound instructs Arya how to stab a man in the heart.

Does the Night King even exist in the novels?
Game of Thrones Wiki Admins directly reached out to George R.R. Martin during Season 6 to ask about the Night King, and he gave a response: his phrasing was cryptic, but seemed to imply that there is no "Night King" in the novels, one central leader of the White Walkers. That the TV show made this up to not only give the main villains a face, but to introduce the plot element that they are a "Keystone Army" (killing the Night King instantly destroys their entire race).

The issue was whether the "Night King" is the same as the "Night's King", a legendary early Lord Commander of the Night's Watch who turned to evil, conducted human sacrifices to the White Walkers, and had to be defeated by the Starks and wildlings. The "Night's King", however, was never a White Walker. The "Night King" (without the apostrophe-"S") of the TV show, however, is presented as being literally the first White Walker, created by the Children of the Forest, and thus an entirely different figure.

The direct quote of Martin's vague response to GoTWiki was:


 * "As for the Night's King (the form I prefer), in the books he is a legendary figure, akin to Lann the Clever and Brandon the Builder, and no more likely to have survived to the present day than they have."

Will any characters die like this in the novels?
In the Inside the Episode featurette, showrunners David Benioff and Dan Weiss casually admit that many character deaths were their ideas - as in, not actually based on future events in the A Song of Ice and Fire novels. Up to and including major character deaths, they invented their own ending that they like more. Some of these characters might still "die" in the books - but under such different circumstances that it isn't really the same ending.


 * There might not even be a Night King in the novels, but if there is, they state that having Arya Stark kill the Night King was their idea - thus, not what actually happens in Martin's story. Benioff remarks that they knew "for about three years" that Arya would kill the Night King.  Given that this video was made weeks before the episode aired in 2019, that must mean they came up with this idea around 2016...when Season 6 was airing, and they were writing Season 7.  They've even said they consider Seasons 7 and 8 two halves of one big season.  When George R.R. Martin started to realize that the TV show would outpace the books, he had one last big sit-down meeting with Benioff and Weiss, to reveal to them the general outline of the future books:  this meeting took place between the writing of Season 3 and Season 4, around Christmas break 2012.  Thus, through simple math, if Martin told them his ending in 2012, and they "knew" that Arya would kill the Night King in the TV show since 2016, this cannot be what really happens in the future novels.
 * No explanation is even given for how Arya physically managed to sneak up on the Night King, and jump down on him from some unknown height. First, she would have to have passed a horde of wights and other White Walkers who had totally surrounded Bran Stark in the godswood.  It isn't simply a matter of "sneaking up" on him, unnoticed, as they had formed a solid ring around the heart tree.  Second, she is clearly shown descending from some height above him in a flying leap: she couldn't have jumped off a castle wall because there aren't any that close to the heart tree, in the center of the enclosed wood.  The camerawork almost makes it look like she jumped from somewhere but with no walls it seems more like she made a flying leap.
 * 803 Arya Jump Gif.png it turns out, behind the scenes extras reveal that to achieve this shot, Maisie Williams jumped off of a raised stunt platform, which is not part of the actual set - and even then, physically had to be pulled along through the air using stunt wires. The implication is essentially that she vaunted a full 20 feet into the air over the ring of White Walkers to reach the Night King.  Consider how much time and effort it took by a full stunt team to set up that platform, and assemble all the wirework - but none of them has (as of yet) put forward a plausible explanation of where Arya jumped from to attack the Night King.  She literally jumped out of nowhere.
 * This episode tries to establish that Melisandre's lines to Arya in Season 3 were prophesying that she would kill the Night King - but the simple chronology of this doesn't match up. Benioff stated that they only got the idea Arya would kill the Night King "three years ago", thus when they were writing Season 7 - thus they could not possibly have known Melisandre was talking about the Night King in Season 3.  For that matter, Melisandre never even meets Arya in the books, so this isn't referring to any prophecy about Arya in the books.
 * By extension, the entire defeat of the White Walkers by simply killing their Evil Overlord to destroy his Keystone Army, may be an invention of the TV series.
 * The showrunners say in the Inside the episode video that they took some time "deciding" how to kill Jorah Mormont - implying that his death now, or at least in this manner, isn't what happens in the books.
 * The showrunners also explain that Lyanna Mormont was originally a one-episode character in Season 6, but they liked actress Bella Ramsey so much that they turned it into a recurring role (they "reconceived the role to make it worthy of the actor's talents"); thus, they explain in the Inside the Episode video, they wanted to give Lyanna a big and memorable death scene. Therefore, this isn't how Lyanna Mormont dies in the books - and she might not even die at all.  So far, however, Lyanna Mormont hasn't appeared directly in them, just the angry letter she sent to Stannis.  Moreover, she has three other sisters in the books, and TV-Lyanna is somewhat of a condensation of all four sisters.
 * While Theon Greyjoy dying to defend Bran Stark in Winterfell itself has thematic resonance, we have no idea if this is how he will die in the novels - or if he even does die in them. Eddison Tollett and Alys Karstark, similarly, may or may not die fighting the White Walkers, but in a different context.  For all three characters, however, the showrunners made no comment one way or the other about whether this was their idea and not Martin's. If there is no Night King in the novels, the context of Theon's death would be at least somewhat different (if he just defends Bran from White Walkers in general).
 * It is quite possible that Melisandre may die by exhausting all of her magical powers to aid in the final battle against the White Walkers, but the context in future books might be very different.
 * As for Beric Dondarrion, he can't die like this in the novels because he already died for the final time, back in the third book - corresponding to around early Season 4. In the TV show, the Brotherhood storyline simply got shelved and they didn't reappear again until an invented storyline in Season 7.
 * When Beric is getting fatally stabbed, perhaps as an overt nod to how he's been resurrected from the dead before, he even seems to strike a crucifixion pose as he puts both of his arms out in the doorway.

The Prince That Was Promised
Given that the TV showrunners said that Arya Stark killing the Night King was their idea, they may have simply abandoned all of the setup across multiple seasons of The Prince That Was Promised, also known as Azor Ahai in the novels. It is heavily implied that Jon Snow and/or Daenerys Targaryen may be this messiah figure (possibly three people acting together). The entire reason Jon Snow was born is because his father Rhaegar Targaryen was convinced he needed another son, to be the Prince That Was Promised.

Although the legends vary, it seems that during the Long Night 8,000 years ago, the White Walkers were pushed back and defeated by a lone hero who rallied the forces of humanity, wielding a flaming sword called "Lightbringer". It was prophesied that when the White Walkers eventually returned, this hero would be reborn to defeat them once again: thus, the prince that was "promised" to return (the actual term in High Valyrian is gender neutral, better translated as "Ruler That Was Promised" etc.).

This raises some issues for the proposed Long Night prequel TV series headed by Jane Goldman: if the central focus of the Long Night prequel was on "the Prince That Was Promised"...yet the main TV show abandoned this storyline, then it wouldn't have as strong of a connection to the original TV series.

Military tactics
The military tactics used in this episode do not make a lot of sense. Characters seem almost willfully ignorant of what they know about the Army of the Dead, in order to set up dramatic tension.


 * In the preceding two episodes, emphasis was put on all of the new defensive works being built around Winterfell - including a ring of caltrops spiked with dragonglass. When the battle starts, however, all of their forces are positioned in front of their defensive fortifications. With no attempt to funnel the dead into choke points. Time and effort was put into adding dragonglass to the caltrops, which ultimately had no impact on the battle.
 * No reason is given for why all the infantry didn't form up behind the flaming trench. Indeed, the trench filled with flammable pitch was only set on fire after they retreated inside the castle - the only effect being to cover their retreat for a time.
 * The Unsullied are the only force that employs any coherent tactic, by forming up as a rear-guard to cover the retreat of their other forces, and making a phased withdrawal.
 * Some excuse can be more for the Dothraki not forming up behind fortifications, as they are mobile cavalry - but they still charge headlong into complete darkness, with only their flaming swords for light, and are promptly overwhelmed. In the Inside the Episode featurette, the showrunners make no attempt to explain the in-universe reasoning behind this - just that they wanted a dramatic beat of the audience thinking the Dothraki might have some hope with their flaming Arakhs, only to then subvert this by having them wiped out.
 * Few characters in the field battle attempt to use flaming arrows, even though this has proven to be effective against Wights before. Compare this with how volleys of ranged arrow-fire were used during the Battle of the Bastards. The Dothraki are even noted in-universe for their skill as mounted archers, famously employing feigned withdrawals to pick off the enemy with arrow-fire at the Field of Crows. In contrast, Theon is shown to be able to hold off dozens of wights using flaming arrows, until he ran out of them.
 * The showrunners do mention in the Inside the Episode featurette that the dramatic point of explaining the battle plan in the previous episode is that everything would go wrong: they wanted to lure the Night King into attacking Bran Stark in the godswood, then surprise him with two dragons against his one - but then Daenerys couldn't stand to see the Dothraki being slaughtered, so she rushed into the battle to defend them. All this did was alert the Night King that they had two dragons at Winterfell, so he held back from engaging on Viserion and sent forward his army of pawns - exactly as Daenerys was warned to avoid during the battle plan in the preceding episode. The goal was to let enough of their men get killed that the Night King felt confident enough to risk exposing himself.
 * The physical mechanics of the final battle against the White Walkers probably won't be like this in the novels, due to established changes in how Wights function in the TV show. **Wights in the novels aren't capable of running (though they can lunge), while TV-Wights are "fast zombies", capable of running and swarming over enemy infantry formations like a mass of driver ants. It's also unclear if wights in the books are capable of scaling the walls of Winterfell like this.
 * Wights in the novels are not vulnerable to Dragonglass weapons. Only their masters, the White Walkers, are harmed by obsidian weapons. TV writer Dave Hill confirmed last season that this was officially a deliberate change from the novels (apparently in order to have engaged action sequences with wights - it would be impractical for all the actors to be fighting them with flaming swords).
 * Even within the TV show, wights are very vulnerable to fire. In the books, it is explicitly demonstrated that they are unnaturally more flammable than a normal corpse, as if their very flesh was made out of pitch. Even a single spark is enough to set an entire wight ablaze and kill it. While wights are seen being killed by fire in this episode, it isn't as effective as it was in the past: if anything, a tightly bunched mass of wights should be easy to set on fire, as the flames spread from one to the next. It's also unclear if wights could breach a flaming trench as they do in this episode, by just sending so many forward that they somehow smother the flames: it would only add more fuel to the fire.
 * The battle at Winterfell plays out like a combination of elements from the Battle of the Bastards and the Massacre at Hardhome:
 * In the Battle of the Bastards, the leadup emphasized the battle plan that they wanted to lure the Bolton army into attacking their defensive formations - only for Jon Snow to become so upset at friendly forces (Rickon Stark) under threat of death, that he rushed out of formation to try to save him - at which point the Stark formations devolved into a melee, and ultimately had to be saved by an external force (the Vale army). In this battle, it is Daenerys who rushes ahead and breaks formation because she is upset at the threat to friendly forces, ruining their entire, pre-stated battle plan - and ultimately they have to be saved by an external force (in this case, Arya sneaking up to kill the Night King).
 * At Hardhome, the White Walkers near instantly slaughtered all of the wildlings who happened to be outside the town walls, and then they advanced in seething swarms that overran their positions. Jon Snow was there, and saw this - yet now at Winterfell, he still chooses to put all of their forces in front of their new earthworks and caltrops.
 * The defenders should have expected that anyone who'd get killed would be reanimated on the spot and turn against the defenders - because this is also exactly what happened at Hardhome, which Jon Snow personally witnessed. They might not have had time to burn their dead, but this only comes back to the earlier point: if they know the enemy can turn their own dead against them, why did they rush men out to fight them, instead of focusing on defending choke points?
 * The production team made frequent remarks leading up to this episode's premiere that they wanted the "battle" for Winterfell to really be a "survival horror" (even though a field battle isn't like that). As this played out, halfway through the episode, after Winterfell is largely overrun the fighting shifts genres into characters sneaking around the interiors of Winterfell trying to run from the wights.
 * The scene of Arya Stark sneaking through the Winterfell library avoiding wights lasts a full four minutes with no dialogue or music, just playing off reaction shots on Maisie Williams' face. No sounds of external fighting outside the castle can be heard, treating it as a horror scene, even though later scenes show that Jaime, Brienne, and others are still fighting in the courtyard.
 * After the Night King is knocked onto the ground, Daenerys desperately flies Drogon away to avoid his ice-javelin, the same kind that killed Viserion. He only had one javelin, however, and it missed - but no explanation is given why Daenerys just continue to flee.

Language notes
Linguist David J. Peterson posted extensive notes about the constructed language lines used in this episode. As he explained, the languages in general were quite limited in Season 8, due to fears about security: the scripts and audio files needed to train the actors would be easier to leak out. Thus they mostly limited Dothraki and Valyrian to short phrases already used on the TV show, generic enough that it didn't give away plot points ("form up!", "retreat!", etc.). Peterson provided transcriptions and translations of the new lines in this episode:

Dothraki:


 * Jorah: "Livano arakh shafki!"
 * Translation: "Raise your arakhs (swords)!"

Peterson noted that the script he was given attributed this line to Daenerys, not Jorah. He said he wasn't sure if this meant that Daenerys was the one Melisandre encountered in an early draft but this was later change - or, if the writing staff intentionally mislabeled the script, to spread disinformation to potential leakers.

High Valyrian:


 * Melisandre: "Āeksios Ōño, aōhos ōñoso īlōn jehikās! Āeksios Ōño, īlōn mīsās! Kesrio syt bantis zōbrie issa se ossȳngnoti lēdys!"
 * Translation: "Lord of Light, cast your light upon us! Lord of Light, defend us! For the night is dark and full of terrors!"

Melisandre says this full prayer when she lights the swords on fire. Later when she strains to light the trench on fire, she repeats, "Āeksios Ōno, ilōn misās!" ("Lord of Light, defend us!")

Astapori Low Valyrian:


 * Grey Worm: "Mizadá vi zdaguno! Jemel ovadá he ji ghamvaz!"
 * Translation: "Protect the retreat! Stand your ground!"

Peterson has always maintained that actor Jacob Anderson has pronounced Valyrian better than anyone else in the cast, and he made sure to pick out a good line to show off his good pronunciation in this episode. Peterson did note, however, that some of the background Unsullied extras repeated "zdaguno!" - technically incorrect, as this means the noun, "(a) retreat!", not the verb "retreat!". Peterson noted that the command form of the verb would be "zdagó, or probably zdagodó".

Image Darkness

 * Director Miguel Sapochnik said in interviews that the showrunners insisted on filming the biggest TV battle in history - as in, with the largest number of actual extras fighting on-location, avoiding the use of CGI as much as possible. Moreover, they actually filmed at night, and only used natural lighting from the fires, instead of using a day for night light filter in post production.  The end result, however, is that many major review sites (New York Times, Variety, etc.) pointed out that it was frequently difficult to see what's going on during the battle.
 * The showrunners also said they wanted to give the episode a tone similar to the Battle of Helm's Deep from the Lord of the Rings film trilogy. That battle was filmed at night, but used set lights so the action could be clearly seen on camera.  This raises another comparison, with the Battle of the Pelennor Fields in the third movie:  in the books, that battle indeed takes place at night, but in the film version it takes place mostly during the day.  In the DVD commentary, the LOTR producers explained that change by pointing out that if the battle took place entirely at night, it would be difficult to see the size of the armies or discern the action on-screen.
 * The day after the episode premiered and generated widespread criticism about the screen being too dark to see, Slate.com ran an article explaining how several recent trends in television technology have impacted this:
 * First, the shift to digital cameras (which happened between the filming of the unaired pilot and Season 1) actually makes it easier to film in low lighting, so there has been a widespread shift among prestige drama to show off that they can do this.
 * Second, the shift from older cathode ray TVs to High Definition digital TVs: ironically, it is actually more difficult to see a high definition, digitally filmed night scene on a newer HD TV than on an older cathode ray one. However, few industry insiders seem to realize this, only judging by the optimized screens they have in their production departments, not what consumers might be seeing at home.  So there is a push to show off that they can film night scenes, even though displaying them has become more difficult without the right equipment.
 * Third, the massive shift to streaming service platforms in the past few years. Streaming services use a compression/decompression cycle for information, to use as little bandwidth as possible.  But every time a video file goes through this "lossy compression", the image quality gets worse - and the effect is particularly drastic when it comes to low-light images.
 * The combined result is that they filmed the entire episode at night, with only natural light (nearly none), to show off that they could - and many viewers are watching it on High Definition TVs, using streaming services such as HBO Now - a "perfect storm" for poor image quality. Slate points out that this is an industry-wide trend, though Game of Thrones is a particularly egregious example.  They recommended that production teams should test video on off-the-shelf displays and run it through streaming compression, to check what it will actually look like for consumers.  Their only other suggestion is that the light levels coming off a Blu-ray disc will be a lot better than over streaming services, and you may need to simply adjust the brightness levels on your display.

In the books
[This section will be updated with comparisons when the sixth and seventh novels are released.]

Memorable quotes
Sansa Stark: "The most heroic thing we can do now is look the truth in the face."

Jon Snow: "The Night King is coming." Daenerys Targaryen: "The dead are already here."

Brienne of Tarth: "Stand your ground!"