Small council

The small council is a body which advises the King of the Seven Kingdoms and institutes policy at his command. It is the inner (thus "small") council of the King, essentially forming the "government cabinet" of the Seven Kingdoms. Members are appointed to their position by the King; theoretically they can be dismissed at will by the King, however in practice this might lead to undesirable political fallout.

The king serves as the head of the council and takes note of its recommendations, but only the king can make the council's decisions into law. The Hand of the King is the leading advisor on the council and serves as the king's proxy when he is not present, in which case the Hand chairs the meeting. If the king is a minor, then by default the appointed Regent will act in place of the king on the council.

The small council meets at the capital city of King's Landing in the Red Keep, in the same building as the Iron Throne courtroom.

Composition
Members of the small council are appointed and dismissed by the King, in theory as the King wills. In practice, of course, appointments or dismissals may have undesired political consequences which the King must consider.

The small council usually consists of seven non-hereditary positions (possibly to reflect the traditions of the Faith of the Seven). Long vacancies sometimes occur for one of these positions, i.e. during time of war, though this is considered undesirable.


 * Hand of the King: chairs the small council, serves as the King's proxy during his absences.
 * Master of War: the realm's chief strategist and military commander. The title seems to be an invention of Cersei Lannister's.
 * Master of Coin: the realm's chief treasurer and bookkeeper.
 * Master of Whisperers: the realm's chief intelligence advisor and spymaster, supervising covert activities and information gathering, both at home and abroad.
 * Master of Laws: the realm's chief legal advisor, who also manages the Red Keep's dungeons, and supervises law enforcement.
 * Master of Ships: the realm's chief naval officer, supervising the Royal Fleet and coordinating the realm's maritime defenses.
 * Lord Commander of the Kingsguard: the realm's chief military advisor, particularly in regards to land-based warfare. While the King personally appoints knights to the Kingsguard at his whim, once chosen they are lifetime appointments, which cannot legally be removed. In theory, however, a King may demote the Lord Commander back to being a regular member, and elevate one of the other six Kingsguard to Lord Commander (though it is unknown if this has ever happened).
 * Grand Maester: the maester assigned to the Red Keep, and thus to the realm. Like all maester assignments, the Grand Maester is appointed by the Conclave of Archmaesters at the Citadel, not the King. While controversial, the King and the Hand of the King have the authority to exclude the Grand Maester from the Small Council, and even imprison him, but cannot replace him as Grand Maester. This makes the Grand Maester unique as the only member of the council not specifically chosen by the King.

If the Regent of an underage King does not already possess one of these positions, then they are included in the small council as the King's proxy.

The Commander of the City Watch is not, strictly speaking, a position in the small council, however the Commander frequently attends small council meetings to report on conditions in the capital city. Janos Slynt is given an official seat on the council as one of his rewards for the role he played in the betrayal and arrest of Eddard Stark, though he was subsequently removed by acting Hand Tyrion Lannister.

The council may on occasion extend invitations to other lords to occupy a seat on the council, despite there being no actual "office" for them to fill (serving as advisors who function as ministers without portfolio).

Under Aerys II Targaryen
The positions and members of the King's small council under Aerys II Targaryen, the Mad King, included:


 * The Hand of the King: Lord Tywin Lannister served as Aerys's Hand for twenty years, during which he held the realm together during Aerys's spiral into insanity. Tywin resigned in protest some years before the end of Aerys's reign.
 * Grand Maester: Pycelle
 * Master of Whisperers: Varys
 * Lord Commander of the Kingsguard: Ser Gerold Hightower, known as "the White Bull"

Under Robert Baratheon
The positions and members of the King's small council under Robert I are:


 * The Hand of the King:
 * Lord Jon Arryn, Lord of the Eyrie, Lord Paramount of the Vale , and Warden of the East . Appointed to the position when Robert ascended to the throne, and retained it for most of Robert's subsequent seventeen year reign.
 * Lord Eddard Stark, Lord of Winterfell, Lord Paramount and Warden of the North . Chosen to replace Jon Arryn after the former's sudden death, serving during the last few months of King Robert's reign.
 * Grand Maester: Pycelle.
 * Master of Coin: Lord Petyr Baelish, known as "Littlefinger".
 * Master of Whisperers: Varys, known as "the Spider".
 * Master of Laws: Lord Renly Baratheon, Lord of Storm's End.
 * Master of Ships: Lord Stannis Baratheon, Lord of Dragonstone.

Traditionally, as Lord Commander of the Kingsguard, Ser Barristan Selmy would have had a seat on the small council. However, because Barristan had been a Kingsguard for Aerys Targaryen, Robert didn't like to include him in discussions of strategy, so he usually held small council meetings without him. Barristan didn't mind being left out, because he didn't enjoy politics.

King Robert was notoriously uninterested in matters of governance, letting his small council run the realm while he ate, drank, hunted, and whored. Robert's own two brothers served on his small council, but they were also annoyed at how little he paid attention to the council. His youngest brother Renly, as well as Pycelle, lamented that he ignored all of Jon Arryn's sound financial advice, ultimately plunging the realm an astonishing 6 million Gold Dragons in debt. According to Tywin Lannister, Robert appeared at only three small council meetings in his entire seventeen year reign (though he might not have been aware of Robert's appearance at some of the more recent council meetings with Eddard Stark).

Under Joffrey Baratheon
The positions and members of the King's small council under Joffrey I are:
 * Queen Regent Cersei Lannister, King Joffrey's mother.
 * The Hand of the King: Lord Tyrion Lannister, serving as acting Hand in stead of his father Tywin Lannister.
 * Grand Maester: Pycelle. Removed by Tyrion and imprisoned in the dungeons of the Red Keep. However, Tyrion did not have the authority to replace him as Grand Maester. The position was functionally vacant for several months.
 * Master of Coin: Lord Petyr Baelish.
 * Master of Whisperers: Varys.
 * Master of Laws: (Vacant)
 * Master of Ships: (Vacant)
 * Lord Commander of the Kingsguard: Jaime Lannister (in absentia).

Joffrey himself barely came to meetings of his own small council, unless it was insisted upon. His mother Cersei, as Queen Regent, typically took his place.

With the departure of Renly and Stannis Baratheon, who declared themselves rival claimants to the Iron Throne, the offices of Master of Laws and Master of Ships were left vacant. Cersei and Joffrey either could not find suitable candidates or simply didn't bother to appoint replacements.

Cersei and Joffrey's first edicts were to name Tywin Lannister as Hand of the King, to unlawfully dismiss Ser Barristan Selmy from the Kingsguard, and to name Cersei's brother Jaime his replacement as Lord Commander. Tywin, however, did not assume the office for a full year because he was busy personally directing the war in the Riverlands. Because he could not go to the capital in person, Tywin sent Tyrion in his stead as acting Hand to try to rein in the royal court. Jaime did not arrive in the capital either, but was instead captured during the Battle of the Whispering Wood, after which he spent over a year as a prisoner of the Starks, and another year slowly making his way back to King's Landing through the devastated Riverlands. Jaime was technically Lord Commander during this time period but the position was functionally vacant. Moreover, Tyrion removed Pycelle from the council and imprisoned him in the dungeons of the Red Keep, after discovering that he was spying on him (albeit for Queen Regent Cersei, his own sister). Tyrion did not have the authority to appoint a new Grand Maester, so the position was also vacant for several months. Also, while the Commander of the City Guard is not a full member he usually sits at council meetings, but in disgust, Tyrion exiled Janos Slynt to the Wall. As Varys pointed out, for a time the "small council" was growing smaller by the day: four out of the seven main offices were vacant, the regent but not the king sat at most meetings, and the Hand was technically only an acting Hand.

After the Battle of the Blackwater, Tywin Lannister re-assumed his duties as the Hand of the King, and sought to restore order to the council. Petyr Baelish was rewarded by being named Lord of Harrenhal, and departed for the Vale of Arryn to woo Lady Lysa Arryn into a marriage-alliance and secure the Vale's loyalty to the Iron Throne. Tyrion Lannister, who had been relieved of his position as acting Hand, was then promoted back to Master of Coin to fill Baelish's absence. Cersei secured Pycelle's release from the dungeons before the battle, and afterwards Tywin reinstated him to the council. As a display of his dominance, Tywin decided to start holding council meetings in the Tower of the Hand, adjacent to his own chambers. The composition of Joffrey's small council after the Battle of the Blackwater is:


 * The Hand of the King: Lord Tywin Lannister, Lord Paramount of the Westerlands, Lord of Casterly Rock , and Warden of the West , King Joffrey's grandfather.
 * Queen Regent Cersei Lannister, King Joffrey's mother.
 * Grand Maester: Pycelle. Reinstated by Tywin Lannister after the Battle of the Blackwater.
 * Master of Coin: Lord Tyrion Lannister
 * Master of Whisperers: Varys.
 * Master of Laws: (Vacant)
 * Master of Ships: (Vacant)
 * Lord Commander of the Kingsguard: Jaime Lannister

Under Tommen Baratheon
Following Joffrey's death, the composition of the small council remains mostly unchanged, except for Tyrion Lannister, who is imprisoned under charges of regicide. Tywin Lannister also offers a seat at the council to Prince Oberyn Martell, the younger brother of Doran Martell, the Prince of Dorne. Oberyn wasn't given a specific office, and wasn't very interested in asking for one. Tommen's council members are:


 * The Hand of the King: Lord Tywin Lannister
 * Queen Regent Cersei Lannister
 * Grand Maester: Pycelle
 * Master of Coin: (Vacant)
 * Master of Whisperers: Varys
 * Master of Laws: (Vacant)
 * Master of Ships: Lord Mace Tyrell
 * Lord Commander of the Kingsguard: Jaime Lannister
 * Advisor: Prince Oberyn Martell

King Tommen's small council changes dramatically after the trial by combat of Tyrion Lannister, in which Oberyn Martell fights as his champion and dies, and the assassination of Tywin Lannister, which also results in Tyrion Lannister and Varys fleeing the city. With most positions vacant, Queen Regent Cersei decides to keep the council small, pointedly leaving the position of Hand of the King vacant until Tommen comes of age and decides for himself. Otherwise, she makes Qyburn Master of Whisperers, Mace Tyrell Master of Coin as well as Master of Ships, and offers the new position of Master of War to Kevan Lannister, who refuses to become her patsy and goes back to Casterly Rock. After all of this, Tommen's council members are:


 * The Hand of the King: (Vacant)
 * Queen Regent Cersei Lannister
 * Grand Maester: Pycelle
 * Master of Coin: Lord Mace Tyrell
 * Master of Whisperers: Qyburn
 * Master of Laws: (Vacant)
 * Master of Ships: Lord Mace Tyrell
 * Lord Commander of the Kingsguard: Jaime Lannister

Daenerys Targaryen's Council
Once Daenerys Targaryen decides to rule in Meereen as its Queen and enforce her abolition of slavery on Slaver's Bay, she assembles her own ad hoc small council, comprising advisors and representatives of the various factions under her rule:


 * Adviser & General: Jorah Mormont
 * Commander of the Second Sons: Daario Naharis
 * Commander of the Unsullied: Grey Worm
 * Lord Commander of the Queensguard: Barristan Selmy
 * Adviser & aide-de-camp: Missandei

After Jorah Mormont is exposed as a spy, he is exiled. Also, Daenerys includes representatives of the former Great Masters and of Meereen's freedmen. Mossador briefly fills the latter role, but is executed for treason. Currently, her council members are:


 * Representative of the former Great Masters: Hizdahr zo Loraq
 * Representative of Meereen's freedmen: (Vacant)
 * Commander of the Unsullied: Grey Worm
 * Commander of the Second Sons: Daario Naharis
 * Lord Commander of the Queensguard: Barristan Selmy
 * Adviser & aide-de-camp: Missandei

In the books
In the A Song of Ice and Fire novels, the small council was the creation of King Aegon I, assembled to advise him and carry out policy. The small council is similar to a privy council in real-life medieval monarchies.

In the novels the council has an additional member: the Lord Commander of the Kingsguard, who advises the King on various matters, particularly military ones. In the TV series, Barristan Selmy is never shown to be a member, the reason is explained in the Season 3 episode "Kissed by Fire". The reason for this was apparently due to the decision to have Barristan openly reveal his identity to Daenerys Targaryen as soon as he meets her. In the books, he initially hid his true identity, and told her his name was "Arstan Whitebeard". Because Barristan did attend small council meetings in the first novel, he knew that Jorah Mormont had been spying on Daenerys for Varys and King Robert. Because he was hiding his identity, however, he did not reveal this information as soon as he met Daenerys. In the TV version, Barristan does reveal his identity to Daenerys as soon as he meets her, probably because it is easy to make such a narrative deception in a book but this doesn't translate well into the visual medium of television. This of course means that if Barristan knew of Jorah's spying from attending small council meetings (in Season 1), there would be no reason for him not to reveal Jorah's spying to Daenerys when he first meets her at the beginning of Season 3. The simple answer the writers apparently settled on is to say that in the TV continuity, Barristan rarely attended small council meetings, because King Robert didn't like having a Targaryen loyalist around when he was discussing the realm's strategies (specifically, to send assassins to kill the Targaryen exiles - in the books, Barristan objected to this along with Ned Stark).

The Commander of the City Guard is not technically a member of the council but often sits in on its meetings to report on conditions in the capital city. Janos Slynt was rewarded with an official seat on the council for his betrayal of Ned Stark. However, Tywin Lannister considers this preposterous when he hears of it due to Janos' common-born status, indicating that the Commander of the City Guard is still not quite considered to be a full council member. Indeed, one of Tywin's specific instructions to Tyrion when he sent him to King's Landing as acting Hand was to remove Janos from the council. In the TV series, it is implied that Tyrion's disgust at Janos' involvement in the purge of Robert's bastard children was the sole reason that he removed Janos, and no specific mention is made of Tywin's instructions. In the books, Tyrion was also disgusted at Janos' actions, but this just gave him greater impetus to carry out his father's instructions (either way, Tyrion removes Janos in the TV series soon after he arrives in King's Landing; in the books as well, he didn't kick him out immediately simply because he had other matters to attend to first).

The identities of all the members of Aerys II Targaryen's small council have not been revealed. Apart from Tywin, Varys was appointed Master of Whisperers during Aerys Targaryen's reign. Grand Maester Pycelle held his position even before Aerys ascended to the throne. Wisdom Rossart, a pyromancer, was made Hand of the King, during the final weeks of Robert's Rebellion. Varys and Pycelle would retain their positions after Robert Baratheon ascended to the Iron Throne. The World of Ice and Fire sourcebook (2014) finally revealed who the other three members of the Mad King's small council were: Master of Coin Qarlton Chelsted, Master of Ships Lucerys Velaryon, and Master of Laws Symond Staunton. After Tywin resigned, Owen Merryweather served as Hand of the King for a few years - an amiable sycophant who failed to quickly respond to Robert's Rebellion when it started, for which he was stripped of his lands and titles and replaced by Jon Connington, until Aerys exiled him as well after his defeat at the Battle of the Bells. Aerys replaced him as Hand by promoting Chelsted to the office, but he later had Chelsted burned alive for refusing to go along with his Wildfire plot. Wisdom Rossart was then made hand for the better part of two weeks, before Jaime Lannister killed him and the Mad King during the Sack of King's Landing. It isn't known what happened to Lucerys Velaryon and Symond Staunton.

After Robert became king, he pardoned Varys and allowed him to keep his position, as did Pycelle (who as a politically neutral maester was sworn to serve his castle's ruler, and was only doing his job when he stood by the Mad King - though he did later convince him to open the gates to Tywin's army). Barristan Selmy became the new Lord Commander of the Kingsguard, and Jon Arryn became the new Hand of the King. Robert's brother Stannis was immediately named the new Master of Ships, but two other men initially served as Robert's Master of Coin and Master of Laws, whose identities have not yet been revealed. Renly was a child during the war, and he was only appointed Master of Laws some years later. Littlefinger also only became Master of Coin some years later, after his work as a customs officers at Gulltown increased port revenues tenfold and impressed Jon Arryn enough to take him to the royal court.

After Tywin Lannister resumes his post as Hand of the King after the Battle of the Blackwater, his dismisses his daughter Cersei from the small council. Technically as Queen Regent she still has some right to be there, and in practice Tywin does have her physically sit at several important council meetings when he is explaining his plans. However, Tywin makes it clear that he will not let Cersei wield power under him, and when she is present at the council it is just so she can hear Tywin's plans so she can quietly obey them: he doesn't let her take a leading role in the council's discussions. Similarly, in the TV series, Cersei is still shown physically sitting at small council meetings, but for the most part she sits silently as her father leads the discussion.

When Tywin resumes his position as Hand of the King, he also sets about reordering the rest of the small council, in particular, that Cersei and Joffrey embarrassingly left the positions of Master of Laws and Master of Ships vacant for over a year. He appoints his brother Kevan Lannister as the new Master of Laws, and Mace Tyrell as the new Master of Ships (as a reward for allying with House Lannister). This seems to have not happened off-screen in Season 3 or Season 4, as Season 5 reveals that Cersei tried to appoint Kevan "Master of War" (a title absent from the books and possibly an invention of Cersei's in the series) and made Mace Tyrell Master of Coin in addition to his previous position, leaving the post of Master of Laws vacant.

Reference
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