Bastard letter

The Bastard Letter is a fan-given name for a letter which Ramsay Bolton sends to Jon Snow at Castle Black. Book fandom has popularly nicknamed it either the "Bastard Letter" or the "Pink Letter" (the Bolton sigil in the novels is a flayed red man on a pink background, thus the wax seal was pink; in the TV series the background is black and the seal red - so that name wouldn't really apply to the TV version).

Transcript
In Season 6 episode 4 "Book of the Stranger", Ramsay Bolton sends a taunting letter to Jon Snow at Castle Black.


 * "To the traitor and bastard Jon Snow,


 * You allowed thousands of wildlings past the Wall. You have betrayed your own kind and you've betrayed the North. Winterfell is mine, bastard, come and see.


 * Your brother Rickon is in my dungeon. His direwolf's skin is on my floor, come and see. 
 * I want my bride back. Send her to me, bastard, and I will not trouble you or your wildling lovers. Keep her from me and I will ride North to slaughter every wildling - man, woman, and babe - living under your protection. You will watch as I skin them living. You will watch as my soldiers take turns raping your sister. You will watch as my dogs devour your wild little brother. Then I will spoon your eyes from their sockets and let my dogs do the rest. Come and see.
 * I want my bride back. Send her to me, bastard, and I will not trouble you or your wildling lovers. Keep her from me and I will ride North to slaughter every wildling - man, woman, and babe - living under your protection. You will watch as I skin them living. You will watch as my soldiers take turns raping your sister. You will watch as my dogs devour your wild little brother. Then I will spoon your eyes from their sockets and let my dogs do the rest. Come and see.


 * Ramsay Bolton, Lord of Winterfell and Warden of the North"

Context

 * Sansa's storyline in the Vale was omitted and she was given Jeyne Poole's storyline of being married off to Ramsay - even though in the novels, her storyline shows her gaining in political influence, while Jeyne was just a prisoner of Ramsay. Sansa never even meets Ramsay in the novels, much less gets raped by him like Jeyne did - though a similar element remains that Sansa was going to enter into a political marriage (in the Vale) intended to gain a position to harm the Boltons with.
 * The Boltons play no factor at all in the motivations presented for the Mutiny at Castle Black. Instead, the TV series purely switched the motivation to the fact that Jon let wildlings through the Wall, and has Thorne confirm this as his motivation up until he is hanged. This introduces several plot holes: Thorne is showing opening the gates to let Jon and the wildlings through the Wall, which raises the question as to why he would kill Jon for letting wildlings through the Wall only after it had already been done.
 * Some have suggested that Thorne feared openly turning on Jon at the time, but if so this was not made explicitly clear on-screen. If Thorne thought letting wildlings through the Wall was a threat to the existence of the Night's Watch, he would have barred the gates and openly turned on Jon then despite the odds.
 * Even if Thorne didn't turn against Jon when he let the wildlings through the gate purely because he didn't know if he had enough support to mutiny against him yet, killing Jon after the wildlings were through the Wall achieved little. Killing Jon after the wildlings were already through the Wall wouldn't make the wildlings simply go away. When Thorne gives a public speech to defend his actions in the Season 6 premiere, he says that Jon would have destroyed the Watch by letting wildlings through the Wall - wildlings that are already through the Wall - and he makes no attempt to explain how the barely 50 men left in the castle are going to deal with these thousands of wildlings now.
 * Only afterwards does the TV series introduce its version of the Bastard Letter. Ramsay openly tells Roose he wants to attack the Night's Watch to kill Jon as a potential Stark heir who might be harboring his runaway bride, which Roose dismisses as insane because the entire North would rise up against them if they did that. The TV series them depicts what was suspected from the novels: Roose considers Ramsay a failure, so the instant that Roose's new wife gives birth to a son, Ramsay realizes his position has become precarious so he kills them all, leaving him free to attack the Night's Watch.
 * The TV series sent Rickon and Osha to stay at Last Hearth with the loyal Stark vassals House Umber - who then hand over Rickon and Osha to Ramsay as a sign of good faith, stating they need to ally together to kill the wildlings Jon sent through the Wall. This may or may not have been a trick, given that Osha later tries to kill Ramsay. Osha thus somewhat echoes Mance's spearwives from the novels, while instead of having Mance Rayder as his prisoner, Ramsay has Rickon Stark himself prisoner at Winterfell.
 * Only at this point does Jon receive the letter from Ramsay, after he has quit the Night's Watch, and when "Ramsay's bride" (Sansa in this case) is actually with him.

In the books
The TV series significantly moved around a series of interlinked major subplots between the letter, the Mutiny at Castle Black, Sansa Stark, and Rickon Stark, compared to what happens in the A Song of Ice and Fire novels. In the books:


 * Jon Snow allows the wildlings through the Wall, and while the older officers of the Night's Watch are upset they allow him to let the Wall them through and don't mutiny over it - given that nothing in their vows explicitly forbids Jon from doing so.
 * Jon also doesn't personally go to Hardhome, he sends a mission there and hears reports by messenger-raven; the wildlings he lets through are the remains of Mance's army which simply retreated back into the forest a short distance away from the Wall.
 * Sansa Stark remains in the Vale, where she is getting ready to marry Sweetrobin Arryn's cousin and heir Harrold Hardyng. Sweetrobin is sickly and not expected to live to adulthood (it is implied that Littlefinger intends to "help" him die). This will pave the way for Sansa - and thus, Littlefinger - to take over the Vale and Winterfell. Sansa has no idea about what's going on in the north (or in any other region of Westeros), including the battle of Winterfell and Jon's assassination. She does not even know who currently holds Winterfell. In fact, the only piece of infrmation she hears all that time is that Jon became the Lord Commander of the Night's Watch.
 * At Sansa's last chapter of the fourth novel ("Alayne II"), Littlefinger says nothing about the current affairs at the north. Therefore, it is unclear whether at that point the Boltons have already come to Winterfell, and how Littlefinger intends to deal with them.
 * The Boltons can't find Sansa or Arya, everyone thinks they're dead, so the Lannisters give them Jeyne Poole, Sansa's childhood friend who grew up with her at Winterfell. She was captured when Eddard Stark's household was killed in King's Landing and - despite being a minor noblewoman - Littlefinger kept her alive but sexually enslaved in one of his brothels for the past few years (either because he thought she might be useful or out of abject sadism, it is unclear). For lack of better options, the Boltons intend to pass off this "Fake Arya" as the real one, to help secure their claim to the North. No one has seen Arya in years, Jeyne looks plausibly like what Arya might now, and because she grew up with the Stark girls she can pass any interrogation to test if she is Arya (i.e. when asked who Winterfell's blacksmith was she can correctly answer "Mikken").
 * It is reported that Rickon Stark and Osha headed to Skagos, an island inhabited by cannibals, not to Last Hearth. It is unknown whether they are alive.
 * Mance Rayder is still alive, as Melisandre used her magical glamor to fake his death. He knows how to sneak into Winterfell so he infiltrates it along with six spearwives disguised as a bard and his kin. Their direct attempt fails, but give Theon an opportunity to escape with Jeyne.
 * Roose Bolton wasn't stupid enough to attack the Night's Watch due to their politically neutral status, but Ramsay is that impulsive. Stannis Baratheon attacks in the Battle of Winterfell - his fate is unknown, but even if he failed his attack seems to have weakened the Boltons - or at the least, allowed cover for Theon and Fake Arya (Jeyne) to escape. It is strongly implied that Roose may have threatened to disinherit Ramsay for this strategic failure (losing men he didn't need to lose against Stannis, then letting his captives escape), and that Ramsay may have killed Roose in response (similar to the TV show). Ramsay signs the letter as "Lord of Winterfell", with no mention that he holds it under Roose - which may be a clue that Ramsay has killed his father.
 * Stannis's wife, daughter, and Melisandre remain behind at Castle Black; Theon and Fake Arya are with Stannis's army. The fact that Ramsay demands not only Stannis's family but Theon and Fake Arya may imply that he as lying about defeating Stannis, given that if he did, he would probably have recaptured both of them.
 * Ultimately, Jon received the letter from Ramsay Snow before the mutiny - and indeed, it was the direct cause of the mutiny. Jon reads the letter aloud in the courtyard and says he will break his vow of neutrality to ride south and fight the Boltons - he can't defend the Wall from the White Walkers on the north side while the Boltons tear apart the realm to the south. Jon also points out that he would refute any man who claims he is "breaking" his vow, because the neutrality goes both ways, and it was illegal for Ramsay to threaten to kill the Lord Commander of the Night's Watch (instead of threatening to cut out his eyes and feed him to his dogs, Ramsay closes by saying that if Jon doesn't hand over his bride, "I will cut out your bastard heart and eat it").
 * Unlike in the show, Jon reacts with fury to the letter and announces that he will ride to Winterfell to confront and kill Ramsay himself. In so doing, he makes three serious mistakes:
 * He does not send scouts to verify the contents of the letter and to obtain information about the Bolton troops - he has no idea how many are they.
 * He does not consider the simple fact that since the weather has worsened so much recently, any armed force that tries to march from Winterfell to Castle Black or vice-versa - will be in a very poor shape when reaching its destination, if at all (Tycho and his escorts made it to Winterfell and then to the village in less than 32 days because they were few and travelled light), hence Ramsay does not pose any real threat and there is no point going to Winterfell.
 * He underestimates the reaction of his subordinates, who have grown dissatisfied with his conduct as the Lord Commander, especially about accepting the wildlings to the Watch.
 * The older officers are horrified, because the fear that 1 - Jon is still breaking his vows, 2 - if Jon attacks Ramsay and fails, Ramsay will kill the entire Night's Watch in retaliation, and they cannot hope to stop him. Thus they stab Jon in the courtyard "for the Watch", led by Bowen Marsh, who openly weeps while doing so (who got condensed with Alliser Thorne in the TV version). Neither side is entirely "right", as no matter what they do there will be risk.

Transcript

 * "Your false king is dead, bastard. He and all his host were smashed in seven days of battle. I have his magic sword. Tell his red whore.


 * Your false king's friends are dead. Their heads upon the walls of Winterfell. Come see them, bastard. Your false king lied, and so did you. You told the world you burned the King-Beyond-the-Wall. Instead you sent him to Winterfell to steal my bride from me.


 * I will have my bride back. If you want Mance Rayder back, come and get him. I have him in a cage for all the north to see, proof of your lies. The cage is cold, but I have made him a warm cloak from the skins of the six whores who came with him to Winterfell.


 * I want my bride back. I want the false king's queen. I want his daughter and his red witch. I want this wildling princess. I want his little prince, the wildling babe. And I want my Reek. Send them to me, bastard, and I will not trouble you or your black crows.


 * Keep them from me, and I will cut out your bastard's heart and eat it.


 * Ramsay Bolton, Trueborn Lord of Winterfell."

Fake?
At the point the fifth book ends, it is unknown whether the contents of the letter are true, and what is the status of Stannis's host - though it is strongly implied that Ramsay was partially lying in the letter, given that Theon was actually with Stannis after he escaped Winterfell and couldn't have made it to the Wall on his own at all (if Ramsay did defeat Stannis, he would have no reason to think Theon was at the Wall).

On the other hand, the letter claims that Mance Rayder is a prisoner and is wearing a cloak made from the skins of the six spearwives who accompanied him to Winterfell, leading Jon to speculate that this part of the letter is true, since Mance left Castle Black with six spearwives, a number Ramsay could not have known any other way.

The most conspicuous anomaly about the letter is that no piece of skin is enclosed to it, in contrast to Ramsay's former letters. That led to fan speculations that it was not Ramsay who wrote the letter.

Results
This significantly changes Sansa's storyline and possibly Rickon's as well (depending on what he does in the next novel). Benioff and Weiss themselves have given few statements about the drastic condensation of merging the Sansa and Jeyne storyline, such as how this affects Sansa's storyarc - only giving a brief mention that they didn't want actress Sophie Turner to have to spend a year off-screen while the Vale subplot was in the background.

Meanwhile, the motivations of the men who mutinied against Jon Snow do not make logical sense in the TV version - but simply fall into place randomly because the plot required it. If Thorne was afraid to lock the gate to Jon because he didn't have enough support, this wasn't verbalized clearly, and even if this was the writers' intention, fundamentally, it was never coherently explained how killing Jon after letting the wildlings through the Wall was going to help the Night's Watch deal with the thousands of wildlings already through the Wall. When Benioff and Weiss discuss Thorne's motivations in the "Inside the Episode" featurette for the Season 6 premiere, they even give outright contradictory explanations: Weiss says it was for selfish reasons and Thorne wanted to kill Jon for years, while Benioff insinsts that Thorne only did this just now for the selfless reason of saving the Watch.

Moreover, particularly in the "Inside the Episode" featurette for "Book of the Stranger", the showrunners repeatedly insist that Jon was killed for "doing the right thing", and in dialogue from "Oathbraker", Jon similarly is in shock that he did the "right thing" to save the wildlings but got killed for it. In the novels, most people on both sides of conflicts think they are doing "the right thing" - even in the TV version, Thorne says with his dying words that he still thinks he did the right thing to save the Watch. In the books, Jon's decision to fight the Boltons was not presented so simplistically but as a complex and morally grey decision that Jon had to wrestle with - and the mutineers similarly thought they were explicitly saving the Watch from destruction by the crazed Ramsay Bolton - neither side was purely doing "the right thing".

Time constraints
It might be argued that given the extreme condensations in Season 5, there wasn't enough time to set up the Bastard Letter before the mutiny in the season finale, and it simply took less time to make it due to anger over letting wildlings through the Wall. While previous seasons adapted one book per season (Seasons 1 and 2) or even half a book per season (Season 3 and 4), Season 5 condensed most of the fourth and fifth novels into a single season (for major storylines such as Jon Snow, Daenerys, Tyrion, and King’s Landing – some storylines could not fit entirely within the season such as Arya or Samwell, and the Greyjoy subplot was entirely omitted from Season 5). The question of why the showrunners chose to attempt to adapt two novels into one season is a separate issue unto itself.

Even taking as a given that Season 5 would adapt most of the fourth and fifth novels in this manner, however, several other issues would be raised regarding screentime.

It was confirmed in the Season 5 Blu-ray commentary that the showrunners originally never thought the TV series would ever actually introduce the Dorne subplot with House Martell: they knew that Oberyn Martell and Ellaria Sand would have to be introduced visiting King’s Landing in Season 4 – so Oberyn could fight Gregor Clegane – but otherwise they did not think they could show Dorne itself or the rest of House Martell. The reason for this is that they were wary about introducing a plotline that didn’t involve any previous major characters the audience was familiar with.

Only after work on Season 4 was finished did writer Bryan Cogman suggest that the show might be able to fit Dorne in if they sent Jaime Lannister as a viewpoint character, instead of a different minor Kingsguard character as in the novels. The showrunners enjoyed this suggestion but it meant that the Dorne subplot for Season 5 was put into production very much at the last minute. The resulting Dorne subplot received widespread negative reactions from professional critics, even non-book readers, citing its hasty production values which resulted in lackluster fight scenes (the Sand Snakes fight scene in “Unbowed, Unbent, Unbroken”) poor characterization and bizarre dialogue for the Sand Snakes, and under-use of other major characters such as Doran Martell.

As a result of the last-minute decision to attempt to introduce the Dorne subplot:


 * All of the Dorne scenes in Season 5 put together add up to a runtime of about 38 minutes.
 * All of the scenes in Season 6 of Ramsay Bolton introducing the TV version of the Bastard Letter (all of his scenes from episode 6.1 to 6.4 when the letter is read) add up to about 22 minutes.

Had the showrunners not attempted to hastily introduce the Dorne subplot with what was later admitted to be little long-term planning:


 * The poorly received Dorne subplot as it appears in Seasons 5 to 6 would never have happened; instead Dorne wouldn’t have appeared at all.
 * The TV show could have put all of Ramsay’s scenes introducing the Bastard Letter as the primary reason for the mutiny against Jon Snow, in nearly half the time that was devoted to the Season 5 Dorne subplot – and still have 16 minutes left over.

This count doesn’t even include the scenes in early Season 6 of Sansa escaping from the Boltons, which lasted about another 10 minutes. Had the TV series not attempted to squeeze in the Dorne subplot, it would have had anywhere from 16 to ~25 minutes to spend on Sansa’s brief storyline in the Vale, and thus wouldn’t have needed to condense Sansa’s subplot with the Boltons, becoming Ramsay’s abused prisoner in Winterfell – at least, not due to time constraints. On the other hand, the showrunners said that they intended to merge Sansa with Jeyne Poole since back in Season 2, because they felt they didn’t have time to set up Jeyne in prior seasons and the eventual subplot of Ramsay’s marriage would lack emotional impact if it wasn’t a character the audience already knew – so it is possible that even with a full hour of extra screentime for Sansa in Season 5 they still would have merged her subplot with the Boltons due to other structural issues.

Putting the issue of Sansa aside, therefore, at some point at the beginning of Season 5, the TV writers were breaking down the season outline, and decided to at the last minute squeeze in the Dorne subplot – at the expense of time taken away from all of the other subplots in what they self-acknowledged was an already over-stuffed season, due to condensing most of two novels instead of only one. As simple math, all of the screentime devoted to setting up the “Bastard Letter” could have fit within only half the screentime devoted to the Dorne subplot – in which case no plot holes would have been introduced regarding the motivations of Jon’s attackers, or what they could possibly hope to achieve by killing Jon after the wildlings were already allowed through the Wall at Thorne’s own orders.