Reyne Rebellion

"When our vassals, the Reynes of Castamere, dared to rise up against the Lannisters, they learned how dangerous it can be to taunt a lion. I, Tywin Lannister, led the assault on Castamere to put down this rebellion. I made an example of them, to anyone who doubts our might."

- Tywin Lannister

The Reyne Rebellion was an uprising which occurred in the Westerlands, when House Reyne of Castamere tried to rise against House Lannister of Casterly Rock. House Reyne perceived that their Lannister overlords were weak, due to the incompetent leadership of the House's current head, Tytos Lannister. Tytos' son, the young Tywin Lannister, led his House's armies to crush the revolt. Unlike his father, Tywin was ruthless and cunning, and soon he defeated the Reynes and burned Castamere to the ground. Tywin executed any surviving Reynes, to make an example of them for any Lannister vassals who would dare challenge their dominance again.

The extinction of House Reyne marked the first major step in the return to glory of House Lannister, in which Tywin almost singlehandedly rebuilt the fortunes and strength of his House.

Tywin's victory was immortalized by the minstrels in the popular song, "The Rains of Castamere".

In the books
In the A Song of Ice and Fire novels there were two major Houses of the Westerlands that joined together to rise in rebellion against the Lannisters: House Reyne of Castamere, one of the richest house of the Westerlands, and House Tarbeck of Tarbeck Hall, an ancient line dating back to the time of the First Men. Lord Reyne, called "the Red Lion of Castamere", and Lady Ellyn Tarbeck led the rebellion but were crushed by the young Tywin, who eliminated their entire families. Tywin's victory and ruthlessness earned the attention of King Aerys II Targaryen, and within a few years he appointed Tywin as Hand of the King, a position he would serve in for twenty years.

The revolt doesn't have a formal name in the books.