Iron Throne

"The breath of the greatest dragon forged the Iron Throne...the swords of the vanquished, a thousand of them, melted together like so many candles..."

- Viserys Targaryen

The Iron Throne is the throne upon which the King of the Andals and the First Men sits, located in the Great Hall of the Red Keep in the city of King's Landing. Besides the monarchs themselves, only their Hand may sit on the Iron Throne. The Iron Throne is also a metonym referring to the monarchy that rules the Seven Kingdoms and the authority of the monarchy (e.g. "rebellion against the Iron Throne").

Background
The Iron Throne was forged at the order of Aegon the Conqueror, the first of the Targaryen Kings, who conquered six of the seven independent kingdoms of Westeros and unified them under his rule - the seventh kingdom of Dorne was later joined through a marriage alliance. The throne was allegedly forged from the 1,000 swords that had been surrendered to Aegon in the War of Conquest by the lords who had offered their fealty, though the actual number of the swords is less than two hundred. These were subsequently melted down by the fiery breath of Aegon's dragon, Balerion the Black Dread, then beaten and bent into a throne of imposing appearance.

At the end of Robert's Rebellion, during the Sack of King's Landing, as the Lannister army overran the city outside of the Red Keep, King Aerys II Targaryen - the Mad King - refused to surrender, and secretly ordered the city to be burned to the ground with hidden caches of wildfire. To prevent this, his own Kingsguard Ser Jaime Lannister killed the Mad King in front of the Iron Throne itself. Greatly disturbed at having killed the king he had taken the most sacred oaths to defend, Jaime then sat down on the Iron Throne and gave no thought to the carnage going on outside. Hours later, the main rebel army arrived in the city, and Ned Stark came to the throne room, where he found Jaime sitting on the throne, and Eddard made Jaime get off of the Iron Throne. Years later, Jaime's sister Cersei chided Eddard that he could have tried to seize the throne then and there, instead of letting Robert take it, but he did nothing. Stark never knew why Jaime really killed King Aerys, and seeing him seated on the Iron Throne like that (apparently, out of arrogance) gave Eddard the incorrect belief that Jaime hoped to seize the throne himself some day.

Season 1
Septa Mordane quizzes Sansa Stark on her history lessons while walking through the throne room, asking her who built the Iron Throne. Sansa correctly answers that it was Aegon the Conqueror.

Because the king is out hunting, Eddard Stark sits on the Iron Throne while listening to royal petitioners, in his capacity as Hand of the King. He hears a report from a peasant refugee that Ser Gregor Clegane has been raiding villages in the Riverlands.

Following the death of King Robert Baratheon, his alleged son Joffrey Baratheon takes his place on the Iron Throne.

Far away on the eastern continent in Vaes Dothrak, Daenerys Targaryen urges her husband Khal Drogo to help her win back the Iron Throne that her own father once sat upon, for her and Drogo's unborn son that she carries inside her. At first, Drogo is not very interested: Westeros is very far away, across the ocean, and to the Dothraki it seems just like a literal chair (without all of the connotations of authority over the Seven Kingdoms associated with it). After a failed assassination attempt on Daenerys by one of Robert's agents, however, Drogo is deeply offended, and vows to attack Westeros and take the Iron Throne for Daenerys and their son, Rhaego.

Season 2
Joffrey continues to jauntily sit on the Iron Throne as the War of the Five Kings tears apart the realm. He gets up from the throne to menace the captive Sansa Stark with a crossbow, idly considering shooting her, before relenting that his mother insists she remain alive - so he simply orders his Kingsguard to beat and strip her in front of the entire court. Meanwhile, at Dragonstone Island to the east, Robert's younger brother Stannis Baratheon declares that the Iron Throne is his by right, and all who deny that are his foes.

During the Battle of the Blackwater, just as the battle seems to be turning against the city's defenders, Cersei Lannister goes to the throne room to sit on the Iron Throne herself, while holding her younger son Tommen sitting on her lap. Together they await what she fears will be their end, and gets ready to give Essence of Nightshade to Tommen and herself to painlessly kill them both - as if Stannis is victorious he will have them both tortured to death. In the nick of time, however, her father Tywin enters the throne room along with Ser Loras Tyrell: the main Lannister army along with reinforcements from House Tyrell arrived at the last moment and repulsed Stannis's assault, winning the battle

Season 3
Olenna Tyrell, in typical fashion, has a low opinion of the throne itself, blithely referring to it as "that ugly iron chair."

Petyr Baelish remarks to Varys that the Iron Throne doesn't literally have thousands of swords in it, he has counted and the real number is under two hundred. He says that this is another inflated legend, part of the pageantry and propaganda that supports kings and dynasties but which is in fact illusory.

Season 4
Following Joffrey's assassination with poison at his own wedding, his younger brother Tommen Baratheon is crowned as the new king in a ceremony while sitting on the Iron Throne. Because Tommen is still underage, however, his grandfather Tywin Lannister, the Hand of the King and Protector of the Realm, later sits on the Iron Throne while overseeing the court trial of Tyrion Lannister for the (false) charge of poisoning Joffrey.

Season 6
After a new alliance is formed between the crown and the Faith Militant, Tommen Baratheon dismisses his uncle, Jaime Lannister, from the Kingsguard while sitting on the Iron Throne for marching against the Faith with the Tyrell army. Later in court, King Tommen, from atop the Iron Throne, outlaws trial by combat and announces the date of Cersei and Loras' trials. After the Great Sept of Baelor is destroyed and the main Tyrell line and the Sparrows are wiped out, King Tommen commits suicide; without a clear line of succession and anyone to oppose her, Cersei is crowned Queen of the Seven Kingdoms by Qyburn before the court and sits on the Iron Throne.

Season 7
Cersei sits on the Iron Throne when she and Jaime negotiate an alliance with Euron Greyjoy, the new self-proclaimed King of the Iron Islands. Later, Euron leads his captives Yara Greyjoy, Ellaria Sand, and Tyene Sand into the court of Queen Cersei, who sits on the Iron Throne. Cersei alludes to the Iron Throne's original association when she incredulously declares, "I sit on her father's throne!" in reference to the very remote possibility of peace with Daenerys Targaryen.

Bran Stark and Samwell Tarly learn that Jon Snow, the alleged bastard of Eddard Stark, is actually the lawful son of Rhaegar Targaryen and Lyanna Stark, born as Aegon Targaryen, and thus is the rightful heir to the Iron Throne.

Season 8
Euron Greyjoy presents Harry Strickland, the captain of the Golden Company, before Cersei, who sits atop the Iron Throne.

Targaryen Dynasty

 * 1-37 AC: King Aegon I, also known as "Aegon the Conqueror" and "Aegon the Dragon"
 * 37-42 AC: King Aenys I
 * 42-48 AC: King Maegor I, also known as "Maegor the Cruel"
 * 48-103 AC: King Jaehaerys I, also known as "Jaehaerys the Conciliator", "Jaehaerys the Wise" and "The Old King"
 * 103-129 AC: King Viserys I
 * 129-131 AC: King Aegon II, also known as "Aegon the Usurper" and "Aegon the Elder"
 * 131-157 AC: King Aegon III, also known as "Aegon the Dragonbane", "Aegon the Unlucky" and "The Broken King"
 * 157-161 AC: King Daeron I, also known as "The Young Dragon"
 * 161-171 AC: King Baelor I, also known as "Baelor the Blessed" and "Beloved Baelor"
 * 171-172 AC: King Viserys II
 * 172-184 AC: King Aegon IV, also known as "Aegon the Unworthy"
 * 184-209 AC: King Daeron II, also known as "Daeron the Good"
 * 209-221 AC: King Aerys I
 * 221-233 AC: King Maekar I
 * 233-262 AC: King Aegon V, also known as "Aegon the Unlikely"
 * 262-281 AC: King Aerys II, also known as "The Mad King" and "King Scab"

Baratheon Dynasty

 * 281-298 AC: King Robert I, also known as "The Usurper" and "The Stag King"
 * 298-301 AC: King Joffrey I, also known as "Joffrey the Illborn"
 * 301-303 AC: King Tommen I, also known as "The Boy King"

Lannister Dynasty

 * 303 AC-present: Queen Cersei I, also known as "Cersei the Lioness"

Targaryen Dynasty

 * 42-43 AC: King Aegon II, son of Aenys
 * 129-130 AC: Queen Rhaenyra I
 * 281-298 AC: King Viserys III, also known as "Cart King", "Sorefoot King" and "The Beggar King"
 * 298 AC-present: Queen Daenerys I, also known as "Daenerys Stormborn", "The Mother of Dragons", "Mhysa", "The Unburnt", "The Queen Across the Sea", "The Silver Queen", "The Dragon Queen", "The Beggar Queen", "The Breaker of Chains", "The Dragon's Daughter", and "The Princess That Was Promised"

Blackfyre Dynasty

 * 196 AC: King Daemon I, also known as "The Black Dragon"
 * 211 AC: King Daemon II
 * 259 AC: King Maelys I, also known as "Maelys the Monstrous"

Baratheon Dynasty

 * 298-299 AC: King Renly I, also known as "The King in Highgarden"
 * 299-302 AC: King Stannis I, also known as "The Warrior of Light", "The Son of Fire", "The Lord's Chosen", "The King in the Narrow Sea" and "The Prince That Was Promised"

In the books
In the A Song of Ice and Fire novels, the Iron Throne is reportedly uncomfortable to sit upon due to the blades that radiate out from it, occasionally cutting the incumbent. The moral lesson Aegon intended for his heirs was that no ruler should ever sit upon the throne carelessly, just as they must not rule carelessly. The Iron Throne specifically contains the swords of those Aegon defeated in battle, but not of those who had surrendered honorably rather than give battle. As such, no swords from the North or the The Vale of Arryn were included in the Iron Throne thanks to Torrhen Stark and Sharra Arryn.

King Aerys II Targaryen's increasing insanity over the years led him to absentmindedly sit upon the throne with his full weight, frequently cutting and injuring himself. Ultimately he cut and scraped himself so much upon the Iron Throne that his personal enemies derisively referred to him as "King Scab", besides of his more common epithet, "the Mad King". This was seen by some as a sign of his unworthiness to rule.

At the end of Robert's Rebellion, King Aerys was slain by Jaime Lannister at the foot of the Iron Throne itself. Jaime proceeded to wait out the rest of the sack of the city by Lannister soldiers, and waited in the throne room for the late arrival of Eddard Stark and the main rebel army. Eddard's most powerful memory of the event was arriving in the throne room to find Jaime sitting on the Iron Throne, his sword at his side still covered in Aerys' blood, with the Mad King's corpse lying in a pool of his own blood in front of the throne. On seeing Eddard, Jaime got off the Iron Throne, joking that he was just keeping it warm for Robert.

Behind the scenes
George R. R. Martin expressed in his blog that the appearance of the Iron Throne in the TV series isn't what the Iron Throne looks like in the world of the A Song of Ice and Fire novels.

In the TV series, the Iron Throne is the size of a very large chair, is reasonably symmetrical, and Littlefinger remarks in Season 3's "The Climb" that it doesn't literally contain thousands of swords, he has counted and there are under two hundred. Martin explained that the physical proportions of the Iron Throne in the books, as well as the throne room it is set in, are simply unfilmable due to their massive size. The throne room in the books is the size of St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican, and the Iron Throne itself towers over forty feet in height. The book version of the Iron Throne actually does contain a thousand swords, taken from Aegon the Conqueror's fallen enemies, and the visual symbol of subsequent Targaryen kings who sat atop that many swords of vanquished foes was a truly awesome sight to behold. Even the actual seat where the king sits is located over twenty feet off of the ground, and needs to be reached by an entire flight of stairs.

The Iron Throne is so large that it is physically impossible to move it. Aegon I eventually decided to raze the boomtown that had grown up around the site of his army's landing camp, a ramshackle town of wood and earth called "The Aegonfort", so that he could start over from scratch and construct a more permanent new capital city, King's Landing. The Red Keep itself and the throne room had to be built around the preexisting Iron Throne. The construction took many years and would continue long after his death, so in the meantime, he relocated the royal court to his ancestral castle on Dragonstone. It was impossible to move the Iron Throne, however: when Aegon I died his son and successor Aenys had to travel to the unfinished construction site of King's Landing to be crowned on the Iron Throne, before then moving back to Dragonstone. This is also why no one ever tried to steal the Iron Throne and take it elsewhere during civil wars, i.e. when one side or the other seized the capital during the Dance of the Dragons, or during Robert's Rebellion, no attempt was made by the defenders to sneak the throne out of the capital along with other royal emblems such as the king's crown.

Moreover, Martin made the point that the Iron Throne in the books was hammered together by blacksmiths, not sculptors and artisans, so it does not fit together neatly: rather, it is a sprawling and twisting asymmetrical stack of swords welded together into a vague throne-shape and towering into the air. Aegon the Conqueror did "build" the Iron Throne in that he commissioned it, and more specifically in that he used the fire of his dragon Balerion to melt down the swords and make them malleable, after which the blacksmiths would take them and add them to the growing construct.

Martin was nonetheless entirely sympathetic to the practical necessities faced by the TV production team: the throne room as he envisioned it may be the size of St. Peter's Basilica, but the TV series already films in the largest studio set in all of Europe, the Paint Hall in Belfast. He acknowledged that the book version of the Iron Throne is so massive it would have difficulty fitting in any set, and even if it did, it might visually detract from the drama for the king to be holding conversations with people on the ground a full forty feet away from him. Martin also stated that he actually very much enjoys the design used for the Iron Throne in the TV series - it simply would have been physically impossible to replicate the towering edifice he described in the books.

In 2013, Martin pointed out a painting by Marc Simonetti (see at right) as coming closer than any previous artwork to what the Iron Throne and the throne room look like as Martin envisions them in the books.

In 2014, a small replica of the TV series's Iron Throne was given to Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom, on a visit to Paint Hall. The Queen declined an invitation to sit upon the actual Iron Throne prop, although she was photographed inspecting it and other props from the series. As David Benioff later explained, she did not sit on the Iron Throne prop because "Apparently the Queen of England is not allowed to sit on a foreign throne - This is an esoteric rule we didn't know about until that moment." D.B. Weiss agreed that this seemed odd because the prop is a fictional throne for a fictional kingdom.

A Season 4 blooper reel revealed that during the trial scene in "The Laws of Gods and Men", Charles Dance (Tywin) gripped the pommel of one of the swords making up the Iron Throne so hard (because Tywin is angry) that it accidentally snapped off - he then looked down at it in his grip and swore, embarrassed that he had just broken the Iron Throne prop.